Episode 167: Exploring Carbidopa-Levodopa for Treating Parkinson’s Symptoms
Carbidopa-levodopa is considered the “gold standard treatment” for Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa works to replace levels of dopamine in the brain, thereby alleviating PD symptoms, while Carbidopa works to reduce adverse effects in the rest of the body. Although years have passed since the creation of this treatment, it is still commonly known to be an effective drug for reducing PD symptoms in a majority of people living with Parkinson’s.
In this episode, we hear from Dr. Emily Peron, PharmD and Dr. Leslie Cloud, MD from Virginia Commonwealth University*. They discuss how and why carbidopa-levodopa continues to be a standard treatment for PD, long-term use considerations, its different forms, and when to recognize the need for potential medication adjustments.
*Denotes a Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence
Released: March 5, 2024
Emily Peron, PharmD, MS, is Associate Professor of Geriatrics at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Pharmacy. Among her faculty commitments, Dr. Peron practices as a clinical pharmacist and conducts research with the VCU Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center (a Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence). She regularly speaks at movement disorder support groups and teaches students from pharmacy and other health professions programs about movement disorders. Dr. Peron also contributes to medication-related education materials for the Parkinson's Foundation and has served as a member of the Parkinson's Foundation Aware in Care Advisory Committee, which seeks to make hospitals safer for people with PD.
Dr. Peron earned her Doctor of Pharmacy degree from Butler University and completed two years of clinical pharmacy residency training at the Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, specializing in geriatrics. Dr. Peron then went on to complete a two-year research fellowship and Master of Science degree in Clinical Research at the University of Pittsburgh. She is currently pursuing a PhD in Health-Related Sciences with a Concentration in Gerontology through the VCU College of Health Professions. Her dissertation will explore the experiences of loneliness and ageism among people with Parkinson's.
Dr. Cloud received her MD in 2004 from the Medical College of Georgia. She then completed her neurology residency (2008), clinical movement disorder fellowship (2009), and Master’s Degree in Clinical Research (2011) at Emory University. She joined the VCU faculty in 2011. She is currently the Medical Director of the Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence at VCU.
How to Communicate Your 5 Parkinson’s Care Needs During a Hospital Visit
People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at a higher risk of hospitalization and face many challenges while in the hospital.
Hospital staff may not be familiar enough with PD to understand symptoms or realize they can worsen if you do not receive Parkinson’s medications on time. Careful preparation and clear communication can help minimize complications and recovery time.
People with Parkinson’s and their care partner can use the Five Parkinson’s Care Needs from our Hospital Safety Guide, listed below, to communicate PD needs during a hospital visit, whether planned or unplanned.
1. I need my hospital chart to include my exact medications and match my at-home schedule.
Why it’s important: Hospitals often follow standardized medication schedules to ensure timely administration for most patients, but this doesn’t prioritize the complex medication routines that people with Parkinson’s follow.
What to look out for: Make sure the hospital records your exact medication times rather than the number of times per day you take them. Otherwise, the hospital will
follow their schedule instead of yours.
What to ask for: Ask to verbally review your hospital medication list and schedule with the hospital care team, confirming that they ordered medications according to the correct specific times. You can also request a printout to review and compare to your Medication Form.
2. I need to take my Parkinson’s medications within 15 minutes of my usual schedule.
Why it’s important: Delayed or missed doses can lead to falls, difficulty participating in rehabilitation and being less prepared to go home after leaving the hospital.
What to look out for: Many hospitals allow nurses to give medications up to an hour before or after the scheduled time.
What to ask for: Remind nurses when it is almost time for your medications. Ask nurses to help you take your medications according to your home schedule.Describe your symptoms and how they are affected when you do not receive medication on time, every time.
3. I need to avoid medications that make my Parkinson’s worse. These medications include those that block dopamine, sedatives and certain pain medications.
Why it’s important: Lack of dopamine in the brain is the primary cause of Parkinson’s movement symptoms. When dopamine-blocking medications are given to someone with Parkinson’s, they can worsen the symptoms they are given to treat and cause harmful side effects.
What to look out for: Your care team may prescribe new medications to treat nausea, confusion and psychosis (hallucinations and delusions) without realizing they can worsen Parkinson’s symptoms.
What to ask for: Sharethe list of harmful medications on the Parkinson’s Care Summary and ask for a safe alternative.
4. I need to move my body as safely and regularly as possible, ideally three times a day.
Why it’s important: For people with PD, regular movement — often coupled with physical and occupational therapy — is important for controlling PD symptoms, preventing falls and minimizing complications.
What to look out for: In the hospital, your care team may limit your movement to keep you safe, especially if you are weak after surgery, have low blood pressure or have other issues that put you at risk of falling.
What to ask for: Ask for rehabilitation therapy (physical and occupational therapy) if you need help moving safely. If it is safe, continue daily activities, such as dressing, walking to the bathroom, sitting in a chair for meals and taking short walks
5. I need to be screened for swallowing changes to safely maintain my medication routine and minimize my risk of aspiration pneumonia and weight loss.
Why it’s important: Difficulty swallowing, called dysphagia, is common for people with Parkinson’s. Minor swallowing issues can worsen and create severe complications during a hospital stay.
What to look out for: Staff may order “NPO” (nothing by mouth) with the goal of preventing severe swallowing-related complications, stopping Parkinson’s medications, along with all other food, liquid, and medications. This can make swallowing issues worse!
What to ask for: Instead of stopping Parkinson’s medications, you want to avoid medication pauses. Ask the nurse about ways to continue Parkinson’s medications safely.
In addition to providing useful information and tools to help you advocate for your best care, and explain the Five Parkinson’s Care Needs to hospital staff, the Hospital Safety Guide provides:
Forms for you to fill out with personal care details and medication schedules.
Tips for care partners.
Parkinson’s care information to share with the hospital care team.
I took a speech-language pathology job at the University of Utah's Voice Disorders Center in 2012. Because our clinic is located right next to the movement disorders neurology clinic, I started seeing quite a few patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and became very excited by the impact that speech and swallowing therapy made on the quality of life in the patients that I saw.
I completed a research paper examining common swallowing deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease in 2015 using quantitative measures of swallowing from modified barium swallow studies. I pursued getting trained by Parkinson Voice Project as a provider of their SPEAK OUT!® program in 2017. I have pursued grant funding to support the continued provision of that program in our clinic, with grants awarded from 2018-2023. In March 2021, I co-founded an online choir with a colleague of mine. I love being a care provider for people with Parkinson's disease!
I started to follow the Parkinson's Foundation when searching for resources for my patients several years ago. The Foundation has great resources on a variety of topics! In 2020, the movement disorders clinic included our clinic and its offerings as part of their application to be a Parkinson's Foundation Centers of Excellence. I am involved in my first Moving Day event this year — and reached out to the Foundation because I was interested in starting this event in the Salt Lake Valley!
Pay attention and be proactive about addressing their speech and swallowing before they feel like they have significant challenges.
Take note if swallowing challenges go from a one-off thing to being more regular; this can be a great indication to get evaluated.
Stay social and keep your communication demands high. Being involved in your community can help you identify early speech changes sooner.
Finally, find enjoyment in using your voice (through speaking or singing) and in eating and drinking; these are some of life's greatest pleasures and help us all connect as humans!
I’d like my Parkinson’s story to not be about living with limitations but rather about living with possibility.
In 2015, my hometown of Union City, CA, and my fellow Mark Green Community Sports Center class attendees became the first Moving Day team, and received a Parkinson's Foundation community grant that made Union City’s Mark Green Sports Center the first Parkinson’s exercise program in the South East Bay a reality! Robert Magbanua Jr, our Parkinson’s fitness leader, trainer and program designer, and Corina Hahn, community program administrator were instrumental in making this happen.
Over the years this program has grown to include caregiver support and classes that are offered five days a week and at home through Zoom. Robert’s charisma and enthusiasm keeps him in demand for speaking and leading attendees at Parkinson’s Foundation events all around the San Francisco Bay Area.
About the same time as our first Moving Day event, I also became an advocate for awareness of the unique needs of women diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. In good part, looking at inequities when it comes to decisions about efficacy of drugs and treatments, that in the first place ignored gender differences in research with predominantly male subjects, and therefore skewed dosages and outcomes. Moreover single women, either without spouses or widowed, are more often relegated to nursing home care because they lack the means to advocate for aging in place, a familiar home, or for a clean home-like setting with the privacy and dignity of individual care.
These days my Parkinson’s story focuses on living with possibility thanks to a Parkinson’s breakthrough now dating back 20 years ago called deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, which I had two months ago. Still a miracle of science, it is a precision-driven, courageous team effort that has given me time in which some of the most debilitating features of Parkinson’s such as tremor and dystonia pain might be kept at bay, and I can have time to pursue activities and commitments that promote heart, hope, energy, awe, curiosity and love.
My Parkinson’s story? It is about “flourishing” with Parkinson’s disease and the “community to be found within it.”
Our Moving Day San Jose “Hop on the Union City A Train” team begins its ninth year raising funds, awareness and heartfelt support for the Parkinson’s Foundation. Let's not have to wait another 20 years for a breakthrough for Parkinson's!
Thanks to my family and especially, my friends, my "ohana," my family through love, My Parkinson’s story continues!
Sex and gender differences can drastically impact health and are important to consider when it comes to Parkinson's. Explore ourWomen & Parkinson's page.
In a word, momentum was the theme for the Parkinson’s Foundation in 2023. Thanks to the Parkinson’s community, especially our donors, we worked hard to make life better for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) through advancing research and prioritizing access to care.
Here are 11 ways you helped us keep the momentum in 2023:
In July 2023, we published a study that found that only 50% of people with Parkinson’s saw a general neurologist. As a result of these findings, we are expanding disease-specific training to neurologists and other healthcare providers, and pursuing ways to improve access to care across all demographic and population groups.
2. Provided Genetic Testing and Counseling to 11,000 people with PD
In 2023, our international genetics study PD GENEration: Mapping The Future of Parkinson’s Disease reached the milestone of providing genetic testing and counseling to 11,000 people with Parkinson’s. PD GENEration test results empower people, help them work alongside their doctor to tailor PD treatment, and can match them to gene-specific clinical trials. Thus far, PD GENEration data shows that 12.7% of people with Parkinson’s have a genetic link to the disease — much higher than the originally believed 5-10%.
To bring specialized Parkinson’s care to more people, we designate medical centers that know how to treat this complicated disease. In 2023, we designated eight new centers as part of our Global Care Network, with the first-ever designations in Wisconsin and Washington, and the country of Japan.
The Parkinson’s Virtual Biotech, a partnership with the Parkinson’s UK, is currently funding 13 potential medications in development that either address PD symptoms or aim to slow, stop, or prevent the disease altogether. This initiative gets us closer to delivering life-changing treatments in years, not decades.
A Parkinson’s breakthrough can happen at any time, in any lab, which is why we directly fund scientists who are conducting innovative studies attacking Parkinson’s from every angle. In 2023, we awarded $2.8 million across 30 promising research grants.
Dr. Wang is exploring a new way to target the cause of PD by using RNA-degrading technology. His lab is working to prevent over-accumulation of alpha-synuclein (a protein) in the brain, hopefully paving the way to halt the development of the disease.
Ensuring diversity and inclusivity in Parkinson’s research is critical to accelerating breakthroughs toward a cure. In 2023, we partnered with Morehouse Healthcare to expand genetic research in the Black community, making Morehouse the first historically Black institution of medicine to become a PD GENEration research site.
We awarded nearly $1 million in community grants to PD programs across 35 states. From non-contact boxing classes to educational events and wellness programs, we have invested more than $10.4 million in 787 community-based programs since 2011.
Even though 90,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s every year, most healthcare professionals — including nurses, pharmacists and general practitioners — do not receive in-depth PD care training. We added new accredited online courses to our Education Series for Community Providers, which are designed to improve treatment and outcomes for people with Parkinson’s.
We launched 50 new Spanish pages on Parkinson.org. From symptoms to managing PD, these pages are designed to reach the Spanish-speaking Parkinson’s community and connect them to key information and tools.
10. Raised $3.5 million through Parkinson’s Champions
Parkinson’s Champions are a dedicated group of people in the PD community who fundraise to help us fight Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s Champions do it all, they run in prestigious races, cycle for Parkinson’s Revolution, host Facebook fundraisers, and more. In 2023, Parkinson’s Champions raised $3.5 million to propel us towards a cure.
Photo credit: Tricia Baron
On April 11, the producing team behind the Broadway hit, A Beautiful Noise: The Neil Diamond Musical presented $500,000 to the Parkinson’s Foundation in honor of legendary singer, songwriter and performer Neil Diamond, who is living with Parkinson’s.
Every year, the top neurologists and Parkinson’s experts in the world attend renowned conferences to share new information about PD treatments and research. In 2023, the Parkinson’s Foundation shared numerous research and care findings at two premier conferences.
As much as we accomplished in 2023, we are committed to doing more for the PD community in 2024. Your continued support is the only way we can make that happen. Thank you.
The Hospital Safety Guide is a resource for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their care partners filled with useful tools and information to prepare for and navigate a hospital stay.
Why is hospital safety important for people with Parkinson’s? People with PD are at a higher risk of hospitalization and face many challenges while in the hospital. Hospital staff may not be familiar enough with PD to understand symptoms or realize they can worsen when PD medication is not delivered on time. Careful preparation and clear communication can help minimize complications and recovery time.
The Hospital Safety Guide provides useful information and tools to help you advocate for your best care, including:
The Five Parkinson’s Care Needs
Forms to fill out with personal care details and medication schedules
Tips for care partners
Parkinson’s care information to share with the hospital care team
I was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) 30 years ago. For me, it started as an achiness. My hands were in a lot of pain and stiff, but they weren’t trembling yet. I started looking for answers and one day, a doctor walked in the room, looked at me and said, “you have Parkinson’s” which I thought was a pretty bold statement for never having seen him before, but he was right.
After that appointment, I cried the whole way home. I was overwhelmed with questions. What does this mean for me? What does it mean for my spouse and my family?
I did not find any peace in those questions, and I did not know what to tell anybody. So, I kept it to myself. I had Parkinson’s for 15 years before I told anybody, including my kids. I was a clinical nurse, and I worried about how sharing the news would affect my job, social life and family life.
I did a lot of overthinking and watched my behavior. I held on to the things I could control until PD made it impossible. Any uncontrolled movement sent me spinning, wondering if anyone noticed. Part of my job as a nurse and diabetes educator required me to travel to different clinics to teach people how to manage their diabetes. When I was teaching the classes, my mouth would get dry, and I could hear changes in my voice. It was getting harder to hide. I just wanted to look and feel like everyone else around me, but once I hit the 15-year mark, I couldn’t hide it anymore.
When teaching those classes, I told participants they needed to focus on what they could control and the positive things they could do to manage their disease and I realized I needed to do the same thing for myself. I decided I wasn’t going to focus on the negatives of having Parkinson’s and I was going to do everything I could to slow its progression and improve my health.
Staying active is vital, and I made sure I exercised for at least 45 minutes to an hour every day.
I started to tell people in my life about my diagnosis, including my kids. That was hard and I didn’t want anyone to look at me and only see the disease. My kids were shocked, worried about me and wondered if it was hereditary. I think it took them some time to digest the news, but if anything, it has driven them to offer more help to me and my husband. They have been so supportive. My friends were also shocked. Some of them were angry I kept it from them, but I did what was best for me at the time.
Now, openly living with Parkinson’s is just part of life. As one of my friends says every time he watches me take a handful of pills, “better living through chemistry.” And in my world, that works.
I also want to share some of the things people don’t usually think about when they hear “Parkinson’s disease.” There are so many little and big ways this disease affects you.
It makes your eyes dry. I use daily eye drops and my doctor recommended I wrap plastic wrap around my head to keep my eyes moist. All I need is a CPAP machine to look like Darth Vader when I go to bed.
It affects your voice. My voice crackles now and I start to sound like Mae West.
It makes opening bags difficult. Those plastic bags at the grocery store are impossible to open. So is a bag of potato chips.
It changes the way you eat. I must have salads chopped extra fine or I end up wearing them. And do you know how hard it is to eat peas with a fork?
It makes putting on makeup a small feat. If I’m not careful, I’ll end up looking like Lucille Ball, painted all over, or a two-year-old with a coloring book. And put on mascara at your own risk!
It means small tasks are more difficult. Mending clothes, putting on jewelry, decorating a cake and buttoning buttons or pulling up zippers can feel impossible.
It affects how I interact with technology. I have an iPad, but I haven’t been able to master a lot of things on it because tremors cause me to touch the same button two or three times. Same with the cash machine, where punching in my PIN number wrong has caused me to lose my card.
These things are just a matter of fact for people with Parkinson’s. These little annoyances add up and change your life. I have found ways to deal with them, and there are worse things than living with Parkinson’s, but some days, it moves to the top of the list. Which is why I got involved with the Parkinson’s Foundation. I have met many people through them, and they have made a lot of information available and have excellent resources, like Centers of Excellence, for people to receive better care. The work the Parkinson’s Foundation is doing is offering hope to those affected by PD — and everyone needs hope.
But we need to do more. We need more research so we can find new treatments and a cure for Parkinson’s. We need to make sure everyone can access the best care and find support through the Foundation’s resources.
My friends ask me how they can help, and I say the best thing they can do is make a donation. We need to invest in research so we can find a cure. We need to provide support for people with PD and their care partners. The Parkinson’s Foundation is doing this work, but they need our help. We all need to do our part and support this work. No one should have to live like this.
I am Frank O’Mara, and I was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in 2009. I was 48 years old.
As a kid I dreamed of being an explorer. My father took me to a pub called the South Pole, which was owned by Tom Crean, a veteran of polar exploration at the turn of the last century. Looking at the worn-out memorabilia displayed in that shabby pub in county Kerry, I resolved to one day make a trip to the pole.
In my teenage years I had more conventional ambitions, many of them I achieved. I became a three-time Olympian, a World Champion and broke a four-minute mile. My father finished school at 13 years of age, so I wanted an education. I have two graduate degrees. I worked for 14 years in the wireless industry and became a senior executive for a Fortune 200 Company. I had disappointments along the way too. Both successes and failures were formative.
Then my familiar world was turned upside down. The company I worked for was bought by a bigger rival, and the very next day I had the first symptom of a mystery disease. I was in severe denial. Eventually I accepted the reality that at 48 years of age I had Parkinson’s disease. I continued to work for a few years relying on trusted associates and various ruses and schemes until I could no longer hide the symptoms.
Contrary to a typical prognosis of young-onset Parkinson’s, my condition deteriorated much quicker than expected. I couldn’t walk, could barely talk, experienced extreme restlessness, suffered from debilitating and scary cramping and full-body tremors. I was in pitiful condition and relied heavily on my wife, family and friends to survive.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) provided relief. Tiny holes were drilled through my skull, electrodes were implanted deep into my brain and attached to a pulse generator in my chest. This allowed voltage to constantly run to my brain, which serves to dampen the faulty signaling caused by Parkinson’s.
It took two years, but my condition improved sufficiently enough to make a trip to the Antarctic. I joined a National Geographic voyage from Ushuaia, Argentina, made the two-day crossing of the Drake Passage and was at Elephant Island on the 100th Anniversary of Ernest Shackleton’s death. I even managed to complete two extreme hikes on the continent.
I still struggle with acceptance, and I know I can’t beat Parkinson’s. I have learned that if you fixate on future symptoms, you could be paralyzed with fear. You have to play the cards that you currently hold and not a hand you may be dealt later.
In a book titled “Bend Don’t Break,” I recall experiences in my earlier days that prepared me for this hardship. Some were successes, many were failures but each help me cope today. Bend Don’t Break will be published in 2024.
New to Parkinson’s? Explore our Newly Diagnosed resources designed to help you live better with Parkinson’s.
My journey with Parkinson's disease (PD) led me to discover a newfound richness in life. One day, while at the park with my granddaughter and our dogs, I became captivated by an old tree. I expressed my desire to draw or paint it, despite having no prior artistic experience. My wise granddaughter simply said, "So what? What are you going to do about it?” That moment marked the beginning of a new-found, and enriching adventure.
I decided to try something completely new, painting and drawing. Armed with basic supplies, I attempted to sketch that tree in the park from a photo my granddaughter had taken. To my surprise, it resembled a tree, at least in my eyes. Unlike my previous hobbies like knitting and sewing, where I felt the pain of loss due to my physical limitations, painting was a fresh start.
I painted, experimented with sketches, and even began crafting birdhouses. The crucial part was that I enjoyed it, found relaxation, and didn't need to compete with anyone, not even myself. Due to my physical limitations, letting go of what I used to be about results in a profound sense of freedom, and the act of creating, even if just for myself, was incredibly rewarding.
When I underwent back surgery and needed to stay in the hospital for a few days, I realized the hospital staff were not equipped to handle my Parkinson’s medications. I experienced the same issue when I was transferred to a residential rehab center. A friend mentioned that the Parkinson’s Foundation had information about staying safe in the hospital with Parkinson’s, so I decided to learn more. The hospital safety guide helps me and my family talk to the nurses about PD when I go to the hospital.
Parkinson's may limit certain abilities, but it can also open doors to new experiences. Trying something entirely different, however modest the attempts, eliminates the fear of failure. Creativity, in any form, can be uplifting. There's a world of new, unexplored possibilities; the keyword is "new."
I share my story to encourage others to explore new horizons. Another new endeavor for me was writing haikus, a concise form of poetry. Haikus provided an excellent outlet for self-expression and catharsis.
My message is simple: find something new to pursue. It doesn't matter if you're not an expert; what matters is the act of doing it. Whether it's playing with colors, brushstrokes, molding with clay, or writing haikus, embrace the joy of exploration.
I may not share my work with friends or neighbors, but I gladly share it with fellow warriors in this battle. As one door closes, another opens, and I've come to understand the power of that saying. To all those fighting the good fight, as Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Ulysses put it, "Come, my friends, 'tis not too late to seek a newer world.”
Go in peace, love, and joy, my fellow warriors.
Explore new opportunities! Find nearby Parkinson’s exercise and wellness classes through your local chapter or by calling our Helpline at 1-800-4PD-INFO (1-800-473-4636).
“No one knew what to do,” said Karen Weiss-Fisher, MD, recalling her father’s Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis in 1990. Dr. Weiss-Fisher and her mother, who would eventually be her father’s primary care partner, were at a loss as to how to help him manage the disease. Their lives were about to change, and they did not have the tools to deal with the challenges ahead.
“My parents did not have community support,” said Dr. Weiss-Fisher. “My father was a fully-functioning, active and engaging dentist, approaching his retirement, which among other activities, included playing golf four days a week. His passion for golf was evident to all who knew him, as he had been a referee for the Ryder’s Cup in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida in 1983. Unfortunately, he physically deteriorated over the ensuing 13 years until he was unable to walk and was confined to a wheelchair. Disappointed and frustrated, he finally acquiesced and learned to enjoy golf by watching the PGA when televised.”
The uneasy and helpless feeling from her father’s diagnosis stayed with Dr. Weiss-Fisher. Several years after her father passed away, she learned about the Parkinson’s Foundation from a friend who shared a post on social media about Moving Day, A Walk for Parkinson’s. She reached out for more information and connected with the Foundation. With her personal experience caring for her dad, and her professional experience as a physician, Dr. Weiss-Fisher decided to volunteer her time to help others live a better life with PD than her dad. She became the first President of the Foundation’s Southwest Chapter, which included participating in Moving Day Phoenix and Parkinson’s Revolution.
“I know my parents would have benefitted from today’s Parkinson’s community. I think the public is fearful of neurodegenerative disease primarily because of its unpredictable course. Today, thanks to organizations like the Parkinson’s Foundation, there are more resources that offer better methods to navigate the effects and symptoms of this degenerative disease.”
Recently, Dr. Weiss-Fisher expanded her support when she and her husband made a generous gift to the Reach Further campaign, our four-year fundraising initiative to invest an additional $30 million to accelerate progress on Parkinson’s disease research, improve care and treatments and increase access to quality of life programs.
“I am enthusiastic and passionate about the Reach Further campaign” she said. “The campaign’s dedication to advancing treatment, especially through the Foundation’s genetics initiative, PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson’s Disease, provides new knowledge that is on the cutting edge of medicine. We are learning more every day about genetics and its role in the expression of Parkinson’s disease. I am optimistic that clinical trials will lead to new treatments and, one day, a cure.”
Dr. Weiss-Fisher supports the Parkinson’s Foundation and hopes to encourage others to join her in supporting this important work. She is grateful people with PD today can find support through the Foundation’s Centers of Excellence, Helpline, online resources and more.
“Resources like the Foundation’s Hospital Safety Guide would have alleviated many of the difficulties my parents encountered as they navigated my dad’s increasing medical care needs and confusing hospitalizations,” she said. “The Parkinson’s Foundation mission to improve the lives of people with Parkinson’s, their care partners and the whole Parkinson’s community is inspiring and important. The Foundation and the Reach Further campaign continue to advancing care and research, bringing us closer to a cure.”
Join us to Reach Further to make life better for people with Parkinson’s at Parkinson.org/Reach.