Taking on a disease as complex as Parkinson’s disease (PD) requires the best scientific minds in the world and the ability to fund innovative ideas. The next Parkinson’s research breakthrough can happen in any lab, at any time. Parkinson’s Foundation research grants exist to decipher this disease and find new ways to stop it from progressing. 

“Many of our grant-funded researchers pursue high-risk projects unlikely to receive federal funding. These projects push the envelope of research and are the kinds of projects the Parkinson’s community eagerly awaits — those that explore the potential for new treatments based on the science behind Parkinson’s,” said James Beck, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer at the Parkinson's Foundation. 

Explore nine Parkinson’s Foundation-funded studies below divided into three critical research avenues:  

• New movement symptom treatments. 

• How gut bacteria and PD are related. 

• How aging impacts PD development and progression. 

Go in depth into each study below:  

Investigating how gut bacteria play a role in PD 

1. Searching for gut bacteria that may lead to PD. 

Chris Smillie, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Impact Award, is using cutting-edge genetic techniques to find bacterial cells associated with PD, identify how their activity and function may contribute to the disease and how we might be able to target gut bacteria to slow, stop or prevent disease progression.

Learn more

2. How gut bacteria influence levodopa effectiveness. 

Christine Olson, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Launch Award and a previous Postdoctoral Fellow, is researching a certain type of bacteria in the gut she suspects may impact the effectiveness of levodopa. She’s also investigating whether there are ways to use targeted antibiotics to improve levodopa use.

Learn more

3. Exploring gut health biomarkers as early indicators for PD. 

Trisha Pasricha, MD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Impact Award, aims to compare the gut biology of people with and without Parkinson’s using new technology to discover the biomarkers of PD-linked bloating and nausea to improve future diagnoses.

Learn more

Searching for treatments for movement symptoms 

4. Using ultrasound stimulation to address freezing of gait.

Amitabh Bhattacharya, PhD, recipient of the Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship, is investigating if non-invasive ultrasound stimulation could reduce freezing of gait symptoms without the need for invasive surgery.

Learn more

5. Treating levodopa-induced movement symptoms.

Jeroen Habets, MD, PhD, recipient of the Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship, is working to identify brain wave “biomarkers” of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), highlighting regions of the brain that go awry during LID and could be targeted by magnetic stimulation therapy to reduce or eliminate LID completely.

Learn more

6. Improving deep brain stimulation to treat movement symptoms. 

Coralie de Hemptinne, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award  is searching for a way to improve deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for PD by developing a process that would automatically program DBS devices.

Learn more

Studying how aging impacts PD development and progression 

7. Boosting brain immune cells as a new preventative PD therapy. 

Rebecca Wallings, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Launch Award, is investigating how aging impairs a certain type of immune cell outside the brain — and how this impairment impacts cells within the brain that contribute to the development of PD.

Learn more

8. Exploring DNA “safety caps” as a source of neuron loss in PD. 

Edward Burton, MD, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Impact Award, is researching how the damage of telomeres, the protective “caps” on chromosomes linked to aging, may contribute to neuron loss in Parkinson’s.

Learn more

9. Untangling the connections between inflammation, aging and PD. 

Sarah Talley, PhD, recipient of the Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship, is studying how “inflammaging,” age-related inflammation, may worsen the spread of alpha-synuclein clumps in brain, with the hope of better understanding how anti-inflammatory therapies could be used to treat people with PD.

Learn more

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.  

PD community involvement in trial design outshines recent clinical trial outcomes 

The role of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in shaping research has never been more critical than today. “People living with Parkinson’s are experts, they have the lived experience and should be engaged as equal partners in the drug development process,” said Evelyn Stevens, Parkinson’s Foundation Senior Director of Community Engagement.  

One avenue of engagement is the Patient Engagement Council for Parkinson’s Research (PECPR). Established in 2021, the PECPR has worked to ensure that the Parkinson’s community has a seat at the table in drug development. A collaboration between UCB, the Parkinson’s Foundation, Parkinson’s UK, and five people living with Parkinson’s, the council believes patient insights should guide research priorities.  

The goal of the PECPR was to engage those with PD in research and trial design, guiding development toward results that will most impact and benefit their lives. The council: 

1. Developed a “playbook” for including people with Parkinson’s feedback, ensuring that medicines are designed to address what matters most to the PD community. 

2. Prioritized accessibility and inclusivity in all stages of treatment research, so that treatments are developed with the wide diversity of the PD community in mind. 

3. Advanced the field of disease-modifying therapies for PD, which seek to slow, stop, or even reverse the disease progression rather than simply treat its symptoms. 

The council’s efforts were recognized when it won a 2024 Made with Patients award from the Patient Focused Medicines Development, underscoring the impact of patient-driven collaboration. 

PECPR played a key role in shaping a recent clinical study called ORCHESTRA, testing the efficacy of the pharmaceutical company UCB’s drug, minzasolmin. Unfortunately, in December 2024, UCB announced the study did not meet its efficacy goals. Days later, another pharmaceutical company, Roche, announced similar results — their intravenous PD drug called prasinezumab also missed the primary endpoint, but suggests possible benefit in early-stage PD.  

Both drugs were designed to slow the progression of PD by targeting a protein called alpha-synuclein normally found in the brain. When this protein is mishappen and builds up in the brain it disrupts brain function and leads to PD symptoms. Neither drug significantly slowed disease progression in trial participants when compared to the participant group that received a placebo.  

“Developing effective disease-modifying PD treatments comes with numerous challenges,” said Maggie Caulfield, PhD, Director of Research at the Parkinson’s Foundation. “One concern is that a therapy needs to reach the right area in the brain, get into the right cells, and interact with a particular molecule — all in a system where cells in the brain are already unhealthy.” 

While the minzasolmin trial did not yield the hoped-for results, PECPR’s mission remains unchanged: to push for research that directly addresses the real needs of people with Parkinson’s.  

Looking ahead, PECPR is focused on expanding patient engagement strategies, refining accessibility in research, and continuing to advocate for treatments that go beyond symptom management to fundamentally change the course of Parkinson’s.  

Strengthening the Odds of Finding New Disease Modifying Therapies 

While trial failures for disease modifying therapies for PD are disappointing, they ultimately provide researchers with new, valuable data that will guide the next round of treatments. Researchers can utilize data (positive and negative results) to help overcome previous biological hurdles.  

“Parkinson’s researchers will keep trying and tweaking until we have the next breakthrough,” said Dr. Caulfield, “There are all kinds of different ways that researchers and clinicians are trying to reach disease related targets, we just have to keep pushing and eventually something will work.” 

One area where patient engagement is vital is in genetics research. Understanding the genetic factors behind PD can help researchers develop more targeted, effective treatments. Pharmaceutical companies are already partnering with people with PD to improve their clinical trials that are based on genetic ties to PD. 

Studies like the Parkinson’s Foundation PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson’s Disease are advancing this effort by offering free genetic testing and counseling to people with PD. By identifying genetic variants linked to PD, researchers can uncover new pathways for treatment — bringing the field closer to personalized medicine, where therapies can be tailored to a person’s genetic profile. 

“There is a lot of hope in understanding Parkinson’s through genetics and leveraging study data to find the next disease modifying treatment,” said Evelyn. 

Patience, Perseverance and Continued Progress 

Every person with PD experiences unique symptoms and disease progression. These differences can be related to genetics, environment, age or other factors, all of which make finding new, effective disease-modifying therapies for PD a daunting task.  

As PD research moves forward, the involvement of the PD community is invaluable and critical. Groups like PECPR and Parkinson’s Foundation research advocates ensure that the experiences of those with PD guide treatment development in ways most beneficial to the PD community.  

“It’s an exciting time to see so many researchers and industry partners wanting to listen and learn from those living with Parkinson’s,” said Evelyn. “That’s what community engagement is all about — it’s a collaborative process where we combine our experience and expertise to improve the health of those living with Parkinson’s. That’s what will lead us to a cure for PD” 

Learn More 

The Parkinson’s Foundation works to improve care for people with PD and advance research toward a cure. 

• Discover how we are working to close gaps in knowledge about PD: Advancing Research 

• Learn about PD GENEration: our global genetics study that provides genetic testing and counseling at no cost for people with Parkinson’s. 

• Explore ways to get involved: from our research advocate program to joining a research study. 

Parkinson’s disease (PD) research has changed drastically over the last few decades. In the past, scientists approached PD research more broadly, often applying general neurological concepts rather than focusing specifically on the unique aspects of PD itself. Today, the field has advanced to include more specific treatments and interventions tailored to address the symptoms and underlying causes of PD directly, offering new possibilities for more effective care and management. 

Dr. James Beck, Chief Scientific Officer of the Parkinson’s Foundation, alongside a few of the Parkinson’s Foundation research grantees discuss the advancements in PD research, how the field has transformed and where it is headed in the future. 

After decades of research, several genetic mutations have been linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) but we do not fully understand how these mutations cause PD. 

One such PD-associated mutation leads to the production of a malfunctioning version of the protein Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2). Faulty LRRK2 is believed to disrupt several important processes within neurons and consequently contribute to PD progression, but how exactly these disruptions lead to the disease is still being studied. 

When looking at the posthumous brain tissue of people who had LRRK2-mutant PD, scientists have routinely seen unhealthy aggregates or clumps of a protein called tau. Similar to alpha-synuclein clumping, tau clumping is believed to contribute to the disease-related breakdown of dopamine neurons and is associated with PD dementia.   

Silas Buck, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship, is investigating how a relatively understudied protein called Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which is responsible for regulating tau and keeping it from clumping, may be affected by mutant LRRK2 and drive PD-related cellular breakdown.  

“What I’m studying is how LRRK2 may cause the accumulation of a protein called tau. When tau is misfolded, it can accumulate into these clumps in the brain cells and that can cause neurons, or brain cells, to degenerate and lead to not just movement symptoms, but tau, specifically, is also associated with the cognitive symptoms that are seen in Parkinson’s. So, addressing the cause of tau protein accumulation can potentially treat non-movement symptoms in people with PD,” said Dr. Buck. 

Using neurons grown in petri dishes, Dr. Buck will first measure how much LRRK2 and HDAC6 interact in healthy brain cells.   

Then, he will introduce mutant LRRK2 into those cells and analyze how that affects the LRRK2-HDAC6 interactions and if such changes result in tau clumping. Finally, Dr. Buck will investigate if mutant LRRK2’s impact on HDAC6 also contributes to disrupted mitochondria repair and cleanup, another cellular stressor commonly seen in PD brain tissue.   

Uncovering more biochemical links in the chain between gene mutation and PD means more opportunities to intervene in the disease’s progression. Through Dr. Buck’s experiments, we will understand more about HDAC6’s role in PD development and how it could be the target of new future therapies, expanding the effective medication options and improving doctors’ ability to provide genetically personalized treatment plans for people with Parkinson’s. 

“Studying these proteins and how they are dysfunctional in Parkinson’s disease can inform us not just about those genetic cases but also how Parkinson’s disease forms in cases that do not have a clear genetic form as well,” Dr. Buck said. 

“This fellowship from the Parkinson’s Foundation is key to helping me develop into a fully independent scientist and investigator, where I can one day have my own research program and run my own lab to continue investigating mechanisms of degeneration in Parkinson’s disease,” Dr. Buck said. “Receiving this postdoctoral fellowship allows me to pursue my passion of performing exciting and important research that could one day help substantially improve the lives of people with Parkinson’s disease. It has always been my dream to make a difference in the health of others through research, and I hope to achieve that through this project.”  

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers. 

Este mes de febrero, un nuevo estudio publicado en la revista médica The Lancet ha despertado importantes dudas acerca de la eficacia potencial de la clase de fármacos para la diabetes agonistas del receptor GLP-1 en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP).  

Un ensayo clínico de fase 3 evaluó el agonista del receptor de GLP-1 llamado Exenatida. El estudio, que constó de 194 participantes a quienes se dio seguimiento durante dos años, encontró que el uso diario de Exenatide no proporcionó ninguna mejora significativa para los síntomas del Parkinson en comparación con el placebo. Esta falta de mejora fue consistente en todos los grupos de edad, sexos y estadios de la EP. Los investigadores también realizaron tomografías computarizadas (CT scan) del cerebro antes y después del estudio en participantes seleccionados y descubrieron que la Exenatida no afectaba la actividad dopaminérgica en las regiones cerebrales relevantes para la EP. 

Estos resultados sugieren que los actuales medicamentos agonistas del receptor GLP-1 no son eficaces como tratamientos modificadores de la enfermedad de Parkinson. A medida que los científicos aprendan más acerca de la vía biológica del GLP-1 y cómo afecta la salud de las neuronas dopaminérgicas, es probable que en el futuro se desarrollen y se pongan a prueba nuevos medicamentos con GLP-1 específicamente diseñados para el Parkinson. 

¿Podrían los medicamentos para la diabetes como el Ozempic ser un tratamiento para el Parkinson? 

Un ensayo clínico de lixisenatida, un fármaco aprobado por la FDA en 2016 para tratar la diabetes, mostró potencial para reducir los síntomas motores en personas con Parkinson 

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo en el que las células cerebrales productoras de dopamina se descomponen lentamente con el paso del tiempo. Esta pérdida de dopamina provoca diversos síntomas motores, como temblor, rigidez, lentitud de movimientos y problemas con el equilibrio. Aunque los tratamientos actuales pueden ayudar a controlar muchos de los síntomas de la EP, no abordan las causas de la enfermedad y, por lo tanto, no pueden evitar su progresión.  

Nuevas investigaciones sugieren una posible relación entre la disminución de la sensibilidad del cerebro a la hormona insulina y la progresión del Parkinson. Esta observación ha llevado a los investigadores a estudiar si los medicamentos antidiabéticos que ayudan a controlar los niveles de insulina podrían ralentizar la progresión del Parkinson. 

Los fármacos Ozempic y Wegovy pertenecen a una clase de medicamentos para la diabetes llamados agonistas de los receptores GLP-1 que, junto con algunos otros medicamentos para la diabetes, han mostrado potencial para reducir el riesgo de desarrollar Parkinson en personas con diabetes. Estos fármacos imitan la acción de una hormona natural que regula los niveles de azúcar en sangre. 

Sin embargo, se desconoce si los fármacos agonistas del receptor GLP-1 pueden beneficiar a las personas con Parkinson que no tienen diabetes. 

Un reciente ensayo clínico, publicado en el New England Journal of Medicine, analizó si un agonista del GLP-1 llamado lixisenatida podría ofrecer un nuevo enfoque de tratamiento para las personas en los primeros estadios del Parkinson. El estudio mostró que la lixisenatida, que fue aprobada por la FDA en 2016 para ayudar a los diabéticos a controlar el azúcar en la sangre, ayudó con los síntomas motores en personas con la EP y podría ralentizar la progresión del Parkinson.  

Como parte de este estudio, un modelo de ratón del Parkinson demostró que la lixisenatida mejoraba los problemas motores y preservaba las células cerebrales, lo que sugiere que los agonistas del GLP-1 podrían tratar las causas subyacentes de la EP.  

Además, la lixisenatida no es el único agonista del receptor GLP-1 con potenciales aplicaciones terapéuticas para el Parkinson: al menos otros seis medicamentos similares están bajo evaluación actualmente como tratamiento potencial para la EP. Sin embargo, en comparación con la liraglutida y la semaglutida (como Wegovy), la lixisenatida parece ser más eficaz en atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica. 

Resultados del estudio 

El nuevo estudio, —un ensayo clínico de fase 2—, reclutó a 156 personas con Parkinson, que fueron asignadas aleatoriamente para recibir lixisenatida o un placebo. Los participantes fueron diagnosticados con Parkinson dentro de los tres años anteriores y estaban tomando medicamentos dopaminérgicos, como la levodopa y continuaron haciéndolo durante el ensayo. Para cada participante, los investigadores evaluaron los síntomas antes del tratamiento con la inyección diaria de placebo o lixisenatida y 12 meses después. 

Tras 12 meses de tratamiento, las personas que recibieron lixisenatida mostraron mejores resultados en sus síntomas motores en comparación con las que recibieron un placebo. Mientras que los síntomas motores del grupo de lixisenatida no cambiaron en comparación con el inicio del ensayo, el grupo de placebo experimentó un empeoramiento de sus síntomas.  

Tras 12 meses de tomar lixisenatida o un placebo, los participantes se sometieron a dos meses sin ningún tratamiento y se volvieron a evaluar los síntomas. El grupo de lixisenatida mostró mejores síntomas motores en comparación con el grupo de control después de dos meses, lo que sugiere que la lixisenatida puede tener un impacto positivo en la progresión de la enfermedad.  

Cabe destacar que los que recibieron lixisenatida tuvieron más efectos secundarios gastrointestinales: un 46% de los participantes que tomaron lixisenatida tuvieron náuseas y 13% experimentaron vómitos. Aproximadamente un tercio de los participantes (28 personas) que recibieron lixisenatida optaron por una dosis inferior durante el estudio debido a los efectos secundarios. 

Destacados 

• En el estudio participaron 156 personas con Parkinson, que fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a recibir una inyección diaria de lixisenatida (un agonista del GLP-1) o un placebo. 

• Tras un año de tratamiento, las personas que recibieron lixisenatida mostraron mejores resultados en sus síntomas motores en comparación con las que recibieron un placebo. 

• La lixisenatida provocó efectos secundarios gastrointestinales en muchos participantes: un 46% tuvo náuseas y un 13% experimentó vómitos. 

¿Qué significa esto para los medicamentos del GLP-1 y el Parkinson? 

Este estudio puede indicar que ciertos agonistas del GLP-1 podrían ser beneficiosos para reducir ciertos síntomas del Parkinson. Estos prometedores resultados inspirarán más investigaciones sobre los efectos a largo plazo de la lixisenatida en la progresión de la EP.  

Este estudio tenía un tamaño de muestra pequeño y sólo evaluó el fármaco en los recién diagnosticados (diagnosticados en los últimos tres años). Se necesitan estudios más amplios, con un número significativamente mayor de participantes que vivan con rangos más amplios de los estadios de la EP, antes de que podamos establecer una conexión entre los agonistas del GLP-1 y el control de los síntomas o la progresión de la enfermedad.  

Por último, actualmente se están investigando muchos agonistas del GLP-1 para el tratamiento de la EP y otros fármacos similares han mostrado resultados menos prometedores en comparación con la lixisenatida. Se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender las diferencias entre los distintos agonistas del GLP-1 sobre los síntomas de la EP.  

¿Qué significan estos hallazgos para las personas con la EP en este momento? 

Actualmente, los agonistas del GLP-1 sólo están aprobados para el tratamiento de la diabetes y la obesidad. Las personas con Parkinson que también tienen diabetes y obesidad deben hablar con su médico antes de empezar a tomar un agonista del GLP-1. Actualmente no hay pruebas suficientes que respalden el uso de agonistas del GLP-1 como la lixisenatida como tratamiento para las personas con Parkinson que no tienen diabetes ni obesidad.  

Además, la pérdida de peso asociada a los agonistas del GLP-1 puede ser un problema para las muchas personas con Parkinson que experimentan una pérdida de peso involuntaria a lo largo de la enfermedad.  

Cabe destacar que la lixisenatida ya no está disponible en los EE.UU.  

Aprenda más 

La Parkinson’s Foundation cree en el empoderamiento de la comunidad de Parkinson a través de la educación. Aprenda más acerca de la EP y de los temas en este artículo a través de nuestros recursos mencionados abajo o llame a nuestra Línea de Ayuda gratuita al 1-800-4PD-INFO (1-800-473-4636), opción 3 para español, para obtener respuestas a sus preguntas acerca del Parkinson. 

• La investigación de modificadores de la enfermedad ofrece posibilidades para la enfermedad de Parkinson 

• Entendiendo el Parkinson 

• Las etapas del Parkinson: ¿Cómo es la progresión de la enfermedad?