My PD Story

Coralie de Hemptinne headshot
Researchers

Coralie de Hemptinne, PhD

2022 Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award  

Improving Deep Brain Stimulation to Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s

Coralie de Hemptinne, PhD, of the University of Florida, a Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, received a Parkinson’s Foundation Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award to study a way to improve deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). She aims to develop a process that would automatically program DBS devices.

With DBS, a surgically implanted device delivers electrical pulses to brain structures involved in movement. DBS can be an effective treatment for movement symptoms in people with Parkinson’s.

It is challenging and time-consuming to customize a DBS device for each person. Though current technology makes it possible to program the device to avoid side effects, this is complex given the nearly infinite number of possible ways to program the device.

Automated methods to program the device are needed. This will reduce the complexity and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of DBS, allowing for more long-term benefits. One approach is to develop an algorithm, or set of rules, that automatically identify the best way to program the device. The rules would be based on signals of brain activity affected by DBS.

“Developing these algorithms could increase the effectiveness of DBS and improve the ease of treatment. It will remove the ‘trial and error’ process of doctor-managed stimulator changes. It could ultimately improve the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s disease.” - Dr. de Hemptinne.

Dr. de Hemptinne will enroll 40 people with Parkinson’s undergoing implantation of DBS to treat their movement symptoms. The range and frequency of the stimulation will be varied to study their effects on brain signals. Based on the findings, she will develop an algorithm that automatically chooses these factors. Electrical signals in the brains of study participants will be recorded both during DBS implantation surgery and in-clinic. This will allow Dr. de Hemptinne to determine whether the algorithm is effective in choosing DBS settings.

Of her Parkinson’s Foundation grant award, she said, “Receiving this award is a great honor for me. It is especially meaningful to get this grant as a new independent principal investigator. It will allow me to develop my research projects and contribute to building my laboratory. It will also foster stronger collaborations with my colleagues. This award will be a launching point for my career to get bigger awards and grants and establish my research program.”

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.

My PD Story

Sarah Shahmoradian headshot
Researchers

Sarah Shahmoradian, PhD

2025 Impact Award 

Highlighting Alpha-synuclein Clumps in PD with Small Molecule Trackers 

Tracking Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression is challenging. Doctors currently rely mostly on how a person’s symptoms change over time. Because those symptoms vary from person to person and can fluctuate from day to day, this approach can make it difficult to evaluate whether treatments are truly helping. 

For other brain diseases like Alzheimer’s, scientists have developed small molecules that can attach to disease-related protein clumps and make them visible on brain scans such as PET (positron emission tomography). These imaging tools allow researchers and clinicians to see where harmful proteins are building up in the brain, providing a clearer, more objective way to track disease progression and test therapies. 

Sarah Shahmoradian, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Impact Award, is exploring whether a similar biomarker tag could work for Parkinson’s. Working with collaborators at Massachusetts General Hospital, a Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, Dr. Shahmoradian is studying a specially designed small molecule that appears to bind strongly and selectively to misfolded alpha-synuclein clumps—the abnormal protein deposits that are a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. 

“We aim to provide the first atomic-resolution view of how a promising small-molecule PET tracer binds to alpha-synuclein fibrils in human Parkinson’s brain,” says Dr. Shahmoradian. 

Inside the brain, misfolded alpha-synuclein proteins can form dense clusters that disrupt how nerve cells work. Evidence suggests these toxic protein forms may even spread from one neuron to another, contributing to the gradual worsening of symptoms in PD. A molecule that can label these alpha-synuclein clumps could allow researchers and physicians to visualize Parkinson’s pathology directly in the living brain—an advance that could transform diagnosis, treatment monitoring and research. 

From her lab at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Dr. Shahmoradian will use high-resolution imaging methods — developed through her earlier Parkinson's Foundation-supported research— to see precisely how this new molecule attaches to alpha-synuclein fibrils. Understanding this interaction at the molecular level will help scientists fine-tune the tracer for future clinical imaging. 

The next step is to adapt the molecule so it glows under the microscope. By applying it to neurons grown in the lab that model Parkinson’s disease, or to slices of PD brain tissue, Dr. Shahmoradian and her team hope to track where alpha-synuclein clumps appear and how they move inside cells. If successful, this work will demonstrate that the molecule can serve as a powerful diagnostic and research tool for Parkinson’s. 

“This award gives me the opportunity to pursue a line of research I see as essential for advancing how we detect and monitor Parkinson’s disease,” said Dr. Shahmoradian. “This research will help accelerate the development of clinically useful biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in PD.” 

 

2022 Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award  

Learning About Early-Stage Accumulation of Alpha-Synuclein in the Parkinson’s Brain

Sarah Shahmoradian, PhD, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, received a Parkinson’s Foundation Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award to study early-stage build-up of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain.

“Results from these studies will fundamentally advance our understanding of how Parkinson’s disease develops,” Dr. Shahmoradian said. “They could thereby inform on novel therapeutic strategies.”

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the misfolding of the alpha-synuclein protein into an abnormal shape. These shapes clump together to form sticky deposits in the brain that disrupt the brain’s ability to produce dopamine — and are connected to cognitive decline and dementia. This build-up appears to occur early in the disease.

About Alpha-Synuclein: When it comes to Parkinson’s disease, the protein called alpha-synuclein plays a key role. This protein begins to form sticky clumps in neurons (cells in the brain) in people with PD. Over time, the clumping kills healthy neurons and impairs the brain’s ability to produce dopamine, leading to Parkinson’s symptoms and ultimately a diagnosis.

Prior research has largely focused on the late stages of alpha-synuclein deposits. However, much is still not known about the critical early events that cause a single abnormal alpha-synuclein molecule to recruit and transform additional molecules to becoming toxic. This leads to build-up and spreading to other brain cells.

Ongoing research is focused on where alpha-synuclein first begins to accumulate in the brain. Previous studies have used high-resolution imaging to analyze alpha-synuclein that is either chemically extracted from the human brain or artificially produced. However, researchers still do not know if the molecular structure of the toxic form of alpha-synuclein can be found in a natural state within brain cells.

Dr. Shahmoradian will apply state-of-the-art, high-resolution imaging techniques to uncover the molecular structure of alpha-synuclein within the brain cells, and to study how alpha-synuclein contributes to the disease process in Parkinson’s. This research will define where and how alpha-synuclein buildup first occurs within human brain cells.

Of her Parkinson’s Foundation award, she said, “Being granted this generous support from the Parkinson’s Foundation cements my commitment to continue research in Parkinson's disease. Through receiving this award from an organization intimately linked to those affected by PD, I feel a heightened sense of personal responsibility and urgency in executing my research.”

Advancing Research

Neuro Talk: Propelling a Future of New Parkinson’s Drugs Through Research

We know that research is an essential part of finding a cure for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how can we speed up the process? In our latest Neuro Talk, Parkinson's Foundation Chief Scientific Officer James Beck, PhD, discusses the Venture Philanthropy Fund — our newest research-driven investment fund. Dr. Beck explains why Parkinson’s research is underfunded and shares how the Venture Philanthropy Fund is working to accelerate the breakthroughs in treatments that people with PD need today.

Watch the latest Parkinson’s disease videos on our YouTube channel.

My PD Story

Tae-In Kam headshot
Researchers

Tae-In Kam, PhD

2022 Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award  

Targeting the PARP1 Enzyme to Halt Parkinson’s Progression

Tae-In Kam, PhD, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, a Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, received a Parkinson’s Foundation Stanley Fahn Junior Faculty Award to study the role of an enzyme called PARP1 in Parkinson’s disease (PD). An enzyme is usually a protein that alters how brain cells communicate. The goal is to halt the progression of Parkinson’s through exploring different mechanisms that target this enzyme.

The brain chemical dopamine is responsible for smooth, controlled movements. When the brain cells that produce dopamine die at a fast pace, early Parkinson’s movement symptoms occur — including rigidity and balance issues. All people with Parkinson’s have a low level of dopamine. Currently there are no treatments that prevent the progression of the disease.

A protein called alpha-synuclein is involved in the loss of dopamine brain cells. In Parkinson’s, alpha-synuclein misfolds and forms deposits in the brain. These deposits disrupt the brain’s normal functioning in people with PD. How exactly this protein causes Parkinson’s to progress is still unknown.

Dr. Kam recently found that in Parkinson’s, alpha-synuclein activates an enzyme called PARP1. Essentially, the enzyme sends toxic signals to brain cells, leading to cell death. How this occurs is not known.

In a mouse model, Dr. Kam will study PARP1’s role in the development of Parkinson’s, looking to identify compounds that affect the enzyme’s role in damaging nerve cells in Parkinson’s. These compounds could be a new target for future PD treatments.

“Our long-term goal is to discover treatments that impact PARP1, as well as discovering biomarkers to help diagnose PD,” Dr. Kam said. “This approach should have a significant impact on slowing or halting the degenerative process of PD and related diseases.”

Of his Parkinson’s Foundation grant award, he said, “This award will enable us to open new research horizons.”

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.

My PD Story

Aurelie de Rus Jacquet headshot
Researchers

Aurélie de Rus Jacquet, PhD

2021 Postdoctoral Fellowship
2022 Launch Award

Understanding the Blood-Brain Barrier’s Role in Parkinson’s Disease

Aurélie de Rus Jacquet, PhD, of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, received a Parkinson’s Foundation Launch Award to study molecules (or cells) that can affect the blood-brain barrier and thus contribute to Parkinson’s disease (PD).

“The Launch Award will enable me to investigate the role of the blood-brain barrier and brain-blood communication in the onset and development of Parkinson’s,” said Dr. de Rus Jacquet. “We hope to identify factors on either side of the blood-brain barrier that interfere with its proper functioning in Parkinson’s. These factors could become drug targets.”

In the brain and body, Parkinson’s disease:

  • Decreases the rate of certain brain cells.
  • Causes an increase in inflammatory signals in the bloodstream.
  • Makes PD-related protein called alpha-synuclein more toxic in the brain.
  • Increases production of antibodies that recognize alpha-synuclein.

Cells in the brain are protected by a specialized security system called the blood-brain barrier. This is a network of blood vessels that allows the entry of essential nutrients while blocking other substances. People with Parkinson’s disease progressively lose this protection. When this happens, toxins and immune cells from outside the brain can enter the brain and speed disease progression. Researchers do not know what causes this. Loss of the barrier’s protection could be induced by toxic signals in the blood. It also could be caused by an inability of brain cells to maintain a strong barrier.

In her research, Dr. de Rus Jacquet will use complex state-of-the-art Parkinson’s models. She established a 3-D model of the blood-brain barrier using cells generated from both people with and without a PD-related gene mutation.

"Opening a new laboratory as an early career scientist will be an exciting adventure. I will face many challenges. but this Parkinson’s Foundation grant will greatly facilitate my success."

She will focus on brain cells called astrocytes, which are essential for the blood-brain barrier to efficiently function. She has found that Parkinson’s astrocytes are not able to form a strong barrier. Dr. de Rus Jacquet will test whether this leads to immune cells infiltrating the brain side of her model, mimicking a key aspect of Parkinson’s.

In a second set of experiments, Dr. de Rus Jacquet will study how plasma proteins are involved in Parkinson’s. She will expose the “blood” side of the barrier to the plasma of donors with and without Parkinson’s. She will determine how this plasma affects barrier function. She will see which plasma proteins cross the blood-brain barrier to affect cell health.

Of her Parkinson’s Foundation grant award, Dr. de Rus Jacquet said, “The Launch Award will have a profound impact on my career and abilities to continue research on Parkinson’s disease. This award is a recognition of research excellence. It also financially supports the first two years of my future independent career. Opening a new laboratory as an early career scientist will be an exciting adventure. I will face many challenges. but this Parkinson’s Foundation grant will greatly facilitate my success.”

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.


Explore more of Dr. de Rus Jacquet’s research

Aurelie de Rus Jacquet will be furthering her research for which she received a Parkinson’s Foundation research grant in 2021. Read about her Postdoctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists research below.

What Role Does the Blood-Brain Barrier Play in Parkinson’s?

Postdoctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists

Aurelie de Rus Jacquet, PhD of Université Laval, Québec (Canada), received a Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship grant to study molecules (or cells) that could promote dysfunction in a specialized vascular system called the blood-brain barrier. People with Parkinson’s disease progressively lose the blood-brain barrier’s protection, but it is not currently understood why.

This barrier controls the crossing between the blood and the brain, and prevents toxic molecules found in the blood from entering the sensitive brain tissue and damaging cells.

The goal of this research is to identify factors on either side of the blood-brain barrier that could become targets for new drug treatments for PD.

“Most of the past research in the field has focused on understanding why neurons die over the course of the disease, but it is becoming clear that Parkinson’s disease is more complex than the loss of neurons,” said Dr. de Rus Jacquet. “Non-neuronal cells are also involved, and they could hold the key to understanding the global events underlying Parkinson’s disease onset and progression.”

Dr. de Rus Jacquet continued, “The second objective of the research is to understand if the blood of people with Parkinson’s disease contains toxic molecules that enter the brain and induce a loss of neurons and inflammation of the brain tissue. This topic is relatively less studied, but I find it fascinating because it could help identify new drug targets to slow or stop disease progression.”

Dr. de Rus Jacquet has established a 3D model of the blood-brain barrier using cells generated from healthy donors or people with a specific Parkinson’s disease-related gene mutation. She hopes to discover if non-neuronal cells or blood-borne factors may be responsible for the loss of neurons, and if targeting these cells could possibly help combat neurodegeneration.

“This award is an important recognition that my work can have a meaningful impact on the lives of people with Parkinson’s,” said Dr. de Rus Jacquet. “I would like to thank all Parkinson’s Foundation supporters for helping us move the research forward. Finding a cure for Parkinson’s disease and improving people’s lives is at the heart of what we do, and we can only achieve these goals by working together.”

My PD Story

Meghan Bucher headshot
Researchers

Meghan Bucher, PhD

2022 Postdoctoral Fellowship 

Targeting A Protein Involved in Dopamine Regulation Could Improve Effectiveness of Levodopa

Meghan Bucher, PhD, of Columbia University Medical Center, a Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, received a Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists to identify compounds that treat the movement symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), either alone or in combination with levodopa. The goal is to improve the effectiveness of PD treatment.

There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease or treatment that slows the progression of the disease. PD treatments are tailored to every person’s individual symptoms. Treatment options can be a combination of physical therapy, exercise, medication and others. Levodopa is the go-to PD medication that treats movement symptoms, but may become less effective over time. As a result, new approaches to treat Parkinson’s disease are desperately needed.

The brain chemical dopamine is responsible for smooth, controlled movements. When the brain cells that produce dopamine die at a fast pace, the movement symptoms of Parkinson’s begin to occur — including rigidity and balance issues. A protein called synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) helps the brain regulate dopamine transmission. Its expression is enriched in the areas of the brain affected by PD.

In previous studies, SV2C has been identified as a risk factor for developing PD. It has also been found to affect how people with Parkinson’s respond to symptom relief from levodopa.

“My goal is to develop and screen novel compounds that will target SV2C activity,” said Dr. Bucher. “This research will determine their benefits in treating people with Parkinson’s.”

Dr. Bucher will investigate whether SV2C is a target for treatment that could alleviate movement symptoms and halt or slow disease progression. She will also evaluate whether a treatment targeting the protein could improve the effectiveness of levodopa when it comes to minimizing PD symptoms.

She has developed a lab test to evaluate compounds that could regulate SV2C activity. She will then use several Parkinson’s models to evaluate the compounds’ effect on dopamine transmission.

Of her Parkinson’s Foundation grant award, Dr. Bucher said, “The support of the Parkinson's Foundation will facilitate my transition into an independent investigator. It will allow me to continue my intellectual pursuit researching both the causes of and treatments for Parkinson's disease.”

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.

My PD Story

Giovanni Bellomo headshot
Researchers

Giovanni Bellomo, PhD

2022 Postdoctoral Fellowship 

Creating A Diagnostic Test Could Detect Parkinson’s Earlier

Giovanni Bellomo, PhD, of the University of Perugia received a Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists to improve the usefulness of a group of testing techniques called seed amplification assays (SAAs) in the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

There is no single test to diagnose Parkinson’s disease. A movement disorder specialist often heavily relies on the presence of movement symptoms to make a diagnosis. However, these symptoms appear several years after changes start occurring in the brain. This means that by the time symptoms appear, the disease is already past its early phase. Early detection would allow earlier disease-modifying treatment, which could potentially benefit people with PD.

One of the earliest known changes in the brain that occurs in PD is the deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein. These deposits can spread among brain cells and trigger changes in the brain that lead to Parkinson’s. Seed amplification assays have been successfully used to detect alpha-synuclein pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people with Parkinson’s.

Tests like the seed amplification assays are used to detect a biomarker (a biological molecule that is a sign of disease). Having a biomarker for Parkinson’s could lead to earlier diagnosis and can improve outcomes for people living with PD.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord. “Currently, alpha-synuclein SAA is the most promising technique for the biomarker-based diagnosis of PD, even at early stages,” said Dr. Bellomo. “However, several factors limit their use in clinical practice.”

First, collecting CSF is an invasive procedure. Second, there are still no standards for SAA. This results in disparities among different labs using the technique. Finally, the results of SAA testing do not provide enough detailed information to use in monitoring treatment.

“This research will improve the usefulness of SAAs in obtaining a specific and early diagnosis of PD. This is crucial for properly planning a treatment approach and including people with PD in clinical trials,” said Dr. Bellomo.

First, Dr. Bellomo will study whether olfactory mucosa can be used in SAA. Early PD-related alpha-synuclein alterations can be found in the olfactory mucosa. Collecting this sample is easily achieved by using a swab to scrape small amounts of olfactory mucosa from inside the nose.

The researcher will compare the results of SAAs in CSF and olfactory mucosa collected from people with and without PD. This non-intrusive test would represent a breakthrough in Parkinson's diagnosis, as no such test currently exists.

Second, Dr. Bellomo also aims to improve current CSF SAAs by making them capable of estimating the amount of disease-causing alpha-synuclein present in CSF samples. This is a key step toward testing treatments against pathological forms of alpha-synuclein. In addition, it will show how these estimates relate to PD symptoms.

Of his Parkinson’s Foundation grant award, he said, “This award means a lot to me. As the son of a person with Parkinson's, it will give me the opportunity to make a significant contribution in the field of Parkinson's disease diagnostics.”

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.

My PD Story

Christine Olson headshot
Researchers

Christine Olson, PhD

2024 Launch Award  

Investigating How Gut Bacteria May Influence Levodopa Effectiveness 

For most people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD), the medication levodopa plays a critical role in their daily lives. While levodopa does not treat the causes of PD, it does provide relief from movement symptoms, restoring precious agency and quality of life. Unfortunately, for some people with PD, levodopa is not effective at managing symptoms, though the reasons for this are not well understood.  

Christine Olson, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Launch Award and a previous Postdoctoral Fellow, suspects that a certain type of bacteria living in the gut may be a root cause. She will be investigating this suspected strain in hopes of discovering ways to use targeted antibiotics to improve levodopa use for all who need it. 

Levodopa works by providing the brain with an extra source of dopamine, the neurotransmitter important for movement whose levels gradually decline throughout PD. The pills dissolve in the gut, where the levodopa molecules are absorbed and then shuttled by blood to the brain. Once in the brain, the levodopa is metabolized, or biochemically processed, into dopamine. 

Why not just give people dopamine pills?  

Due to its structure, dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, an important biological border that is selective about what may enter the brain for protection. Levodopa is designed so that it can pass that barrier, making it an excellent way to bring proto dopamine to the brain. 

Levodopa only works if it remains unmetabolized before it reaches the brain, therefore it is often prescribed along with carbidopa, a drug that inhibits the human proteins in the body that could process it prematurely.  

Dr. Olson, working in Dr. Peter Turnbaugh’s laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco, CA, a Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, recently discovered that Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis for short), one of the countless types of bacteria that can live in the guts of mammals, can also metabolize levodopa. This prompted her to think that maybe people with a higher amount of this bacteria in their gut have worse experiences with levodopa. 

First, Dr. Olson will utilize stool samples from people with PD collected in a clinical study looking at how using rifaximin, an antibiotic for irritable bowel syndrome which can reduce E. faecalis levels in the gut, impacts disease symptoms and treatment effectiveness. She will extract and grow the bacteria from those samples in petri dishes as a simulation of the bacteria population living in each participant’s gut and see how well they can metabolize levodopa. 

Dr. Olson will then compare that data to the participants’ health reports, seeing if those with more of levodopa-processing bacteria reported have a harder time with their PD symptoms than the others. 

Next, Dr. Olson will use laboratory mice to investigate the biochemistry behind E. faecalis’ effects on levodopa treatment, particularly: 

  1. How antibiotics like rifaximin change the ability of the gut to absorb levodopa, and if the changes are influenced by levels of bacteria like E. faecalis 

  1. Determine if neuron changes and degradation in mice with PD-like conditions can be prevented with antibiotics like rifaximin. 

Using a wide variety of tests and measurements, Dr. Olson will shed light on the specific mechanisms behind bacteria’s potential interference with levodopa, guiding advances to the medication that could improve and expand its use for all those that benefit from it. 

Asked about what the Parkinson’s Foundation award means to her and what her research means to the PD community, Dr. Olson said: “Receiving this award is a vote of confidence for the potential impacts of our work to help people with Parkinson's. By evaluating whether, and to what extent, gut bacterial drug metabolism pathways contribute to patient drug response, clinicians may better target treatments tailored to every individual.” 

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers


Explore More of Dr. Olson’s Research

Christine Olson, PhD, is currently furthering her research regarding the gut and Parkinson’s for which she received a Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship research grant in 2022. Read about her prior research grant below.

Preventing Intestinal Bacteria from Breaking Down Levodopa May Improve PD Symptoms

Christine Olson, PhD, of the University of California, San Francisco, received a Parkinson’s Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship for Basic Scientists to study whether reducing an intestinal bacteria that interferes with the absorption of the Parkinson’s disease (PD) medication levodopa may improve PD symptoms.

“Our research could expand our understanding of how gut microbes contribute to Parkinson's disease drug response and progression,” said Dr. Olson. “It could increase understanding of how people with PD respond to treatment. The findings may help clinicians better target treatments tailored to the individual. In addition, we may better be able to explain why people with PD have variable drug responses.”

Parkinson’s symptoms can often be successfully managed with levodopa treatment. However, many people with Parkinson’s have limited treatment success or negative side effects. The reasons for varied reactions to levodopa treatment are unknown.

Recent research highlights that the trillions of bacteria in the human gut can significantly change how treatments like levodopa are absorbed. This also means the microbes in the gut may impact how effective levodopa can be to people with Parkinson’s.

Dr. Olson’s postdoctoral lab found that a common gut bacterium has an enzyme that may lessen levodopa’s effectiveness. Prior work in the lab found that this bacterial enzyme reduced the amount of levodopa absorbed in an animal model. These data suggest that the breakdown of levodopa caused by gut bacteria may reduce drug absorption and treatment effectiveness in people with Parkinson’s. It is possible that variations in people’s gut bacteria contribute to differences in treatment response.

Dr. Olson will evaluate whether antibiotic-induced reductions in gut bacteria lead to improvement in Parkinson’s symptoms. She will also:

  • Evaluate control of enzymes in the gut that lead to breakdown of levodopa.
  • Test whether a drug that can inhibit levodopa breakdownin the gut affects movement symptoms.
  • Test which gut bacteria and which bacterial genes may interfere with levodopa metabolism.

Dr. Olson’s lab also has an ongoing clinical trial where people with Parkinson’s are either treated with a mild antibiotic or a placebo. She will test intestinal microbe samples from participants with PD before and after treatment. This will show which bacteria are changing in response to the antibiotic.

“We will test for the first time whether models of Parkinson’s disease and people with Parkinson’s have improved symptoms after reduction of bacterial levodopa breakdown,” Dr. Olson said.

“This research may lead to novel ways to improve Parkinson’s disease treatment strategy.”

Of her Parkinson’s Foundation grant award, Dr. Olson said, “I am honored to receive this award in support of our Parkinson's disease research. Receiving this award is a vote of confidence for the potential impacts of our work for people with Parkinson's. Additionally, this award will help support my professional development and academic career.”

Meet more Parkinson’s researchers! Explore our My PD Stories featuring PD researchers.

Podcasts

Episode 138: Medication-Induced Parkinsonism - How is it Different?

This episode explores parkinsonism, a group of conditions with symptoms similar to those of Parkinson’s disease, itself a neurological degenerative brain disorder resulting from neurons in the brain failing to make enough dopamine. It is characterized by a loss of motor control, including stiffness, slow movements, resting tremors, and postural instability. Plus, non-motor symptoms of depression, loss of the sense of smell, gastric problems, mood and cognitive changes are common.

Parkinsonism is a general term for a group of neurological conditions involving movement problems similar to those seen in Parkinson’s disease. A variety of underlying causes may lead to parkinsonism, including medications that affect dopamine levels in the brain or the action of dopamine in the brain. Examples are antipsychotic medications used in psychiatry, calcium channel blockers for blood pressure control, and stimulants like amphetamines and cocaine. Even though stopping the medications may result in them being cleared from the body in the near term, symptoms may persist for several months.

In this episode, Cheryl Waters, MD, Professor of Neurology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses medication-induced parkinsonism and what people with Parkinson’s and doctors need to be aware of.

Released: October 4, 2022

Advancing Research

Parkinson’s Foundation Shares Six Study Findings at MDS International Congress 2022

Researcher in lab looking at vial

Gene and Variant Curation of Parkinson’s Disease Genes by an Authoritative Expert Panel

There are 502 commercially available genetic tests for PD. The Parkinson’s Foundation collaborated with MDSGene to establish an expert panel for Parkinson’s genetics under ClinGen — an FDA-recognized, global resource that uses criteria to determine gene-disease relationships. The ClinGen Parkinson's Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel (GCEP), formed in 2020, seeks to provide clarity in the world of PD genetic testing, working to establish genetics testing guidelines.

“The recognition of PD GENEration at an international forum speaks to the impact that this study has already made in the field and represents our commitment to delivering improvements to Parkinson’s disease care and research. We are confident that PD GENEration’s contributions to the global research community will bring us closer to scientific breakthroughs.”

Anna Naito, PhD

Associate Vice President of Clinical Research Parkinson’s Foundation

The PD GCEP aims to inform the FDA and pharmaceutical companies on the prioritization of key genes linked to the disease. Ultimately, this work will accelerate the progress towards bringing more effective treatments to people with PD.

The PD Gene Curation Expert Panel (PD GCEP) members convenes 58 experts from several countries representing geneticists, PD clinicians, biochemists, genetic counselors and pharmaceutical companies.

Click here to see poster

Closing the Gap: Increasing Access to Genetic Testing and Counseling for Hispanics Through PD Research

The incidence of Parkinson’s (the measure of new cases arising in a population over a given period of time) across the globe is steadily increasing. For researchers to better understand the cause of PD and its various symptoms, it is imperative to collect as much data from as many diverse populations as possible. Diversifying genetic data can help accelerate the pace of Parkinson’s research and our understanding of the causes and many symptoms associated with PD.

This poster describes the efforts taken through the PD GENEration genetic study and the GEN-EP Latino study to reach Hispanic populations in the U.S., Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. To date, 151 results have been reported to Hispanic PD participants (49 from PD GENEration genetic registry and 102 from GEN-EP).

  • 22 participants (or 15%) were identified carrying a well-known PD gene.
  • More than half (55%) have a variant in if PD-related genes: GBA, followed by LRRK2 (32%) and PRKN (14%).

Click here to see poster

PD GENEration Clinical Phase: Genetic Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Characteristics

This study aims to assess the prevalence of genetic forms of PD in North America through PD GENEration. Among the North American cohort of PD GENEration, 14.8% of participants carried a genetic variant linked to PD. Widespread genetic testing in North America will help identify previously unsuspected individuals with major PD gene variants, and, ultimately, qualify more people for enrollment in precision medicine clinical trials for PD.

Click here to see poster

Implementing Team-Based Outpatient Palliative Care in Parkinson’s Foundation Centers of Excellence: Study Design

Despite mounting evidence on the benefits of palliative care for people with neurologic illness and their families, there are few models of how to implement and disseminate this model of care. The Parkinson’s Foundation developed a model to implement palliative care treatment, based on a successful team-based approach developed in three U.S. Parkinson’s Foundation Centers of Excellence.

Authors describe the study design and early lessons of the implementation project that aims to make integrated palliative care a new standard of care across the 33 U.S. centers.

  • Palliative care is operationalized around five measurable and actionable pillars: non-movement symptom management, advance care planning, caregiver support, emotional/spiritual support and timely referrals to specialist PC and hospice.
  • The use of an education and training course for healthcare professionals, quality improvement coaching, and the development of shared central resources through the Parkinson’s Foundation.
  • Five core teams are assisting with the development and implementation of palliative care across the centers.

Overall, there is a need for increased palliative care services for people with Parkinson’s and their families to help address gaps that exist in current models of care. Previous research has shown that palliative care significantly contributes to a better quality of life for people with PD, and that outpatient palliative care may help with symptom management and end-of-life care. This implementation project seeks to make integrated palliative care a new standard of care across all Centers of Excellence, potentially impacting 140,000 people with Parkinson’s who receive care at these centers.

Click here to see poster

Patient Advisory Boards: A Model for Patient Engagement in Parkinson’s Disease Comparative Effectiveness Research

To address the lack of comparative effectiveness research (CER) in PD and the need to begin building an infrastructure to address this gap, this pilot project aimed to build a replicable, sustainable model of patient engagement in PD CER at academic research centers through patient advisory boards. This pilot offers a model for patient engagement in PD academic research centers that can facilitate the involvement of people with PD from the community in different stages of the research process, such as when setting research priorities, protocol design and considerations.

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Screening and Treatment of Depression in Parkinson’s Disease within Movement Disorders Centers: A Quality Improvement Initiative

The Parkinson’s Outcomes Project is a study that tracks and monitors the care of people with PD over time at select Parkinson’s Foundation Centers of Excellence (designated medical centers that treat people with PD). Among Centers of Excellence, more than 50 percent of people with PD report that their depression is not treated or responded to with mental health services. This study suggests that regularly screening for depression among people with Parkinson’s can help identify untreated depression and prompt treatment, improving quality of life.

Study takeaways include:

  • Assessing the feasibility of systematic depression screening using a survey of people with PD at six centers and determined barriers during appointments.
  • Results: 133 individuals screened positive for depression and will be followed for treatment and changes in quality of life.
  • Systematic screening for depression will help improve the standard of care and quality of life by educating clinicians and people with PD.

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